As per the datasheet of the 5mm White LED, the Forward Voltage of the LED is 3.6V and the Forward Current of the LED is 30mA. Therefore, VS = 12V, VLED = 3.6V and ILED = 30mA. Substituting these values in the above equation, we can calculate the value of Series Resistance as. RSERIES = (12 - 3.6) / 0.03 = 280Ω.
The new LEDs are simply ON/OFF and have 2 wires. Since LEDs do not draw as much power as the stock filament bulbs, load resistors (that come with the LEDs) are included. These resistors get very hot because they pass a lot of current so the electronics on the motorcycle will not think there is a burnt bulb.
Slight correction: 240VAC is RMS voltage, and has a peak voltage of 240 * sqrt (2) = 340Vpk. Your resistor needs to be 18.8k to limit current to 18 mA, and will dissipate ~6.1W peak or 4.3Wrms. You still need (at least) a 5W resistor, however. Jul 20, 2016 at 0:13. Google Capacitive Dropper Led for the typical setup.
Step 4: Ensure the Load Equalizer Wires can Reach. Once you've found your turn signal bulb wires, make sure your load equalizer can reach an internal metal surface of your vehicle and that the wiring can reach the turn signal wires. If not, the load equalizer wires can be extended to reach from the mounting location to the turn signal wiring.

The main reason LEDs need resistors is to protect the LED from excessive current which can permanently damage the LED. LEDs have current ratings which indicate the optimal current at which the LED operates effectively.

Pull-down resistors work in the same manner as pull-up resistors, except that they pull the pin to a logical low value. They are connected between ground and the appropriate pin on a device. An example of a pull-down resistor in a digital circuit can be seen in the following figure. Pull-down resistor. In this figure, a pushbutton switch is
If V1 was 100V, for example, then R1 would need to be a large and cumbersome power resistor, and you might need to add a fan or heatsink to keep things cool. Another way is to use some type of current source. In that case, it is pointless to add a resistor. All the resistor will do is dissipate power without changing the LED current.
Look at the Red LED, it has a V F of 2V at I F of 20 mA. To drive from 5V, you need to waste 3V on the current limiting resistor with 20 mA of current flow. E = I * R so 3V = 0.020 * R or R = 3 / 0.020 = 150 Ohms. Any lower value will be overdriving the LED and it will probably work pretty well with a resistor twice as big, say 330 Ohms.
For example, I know the "12 volt" power supply to my old slot-car track put out considerably more than 12V, especially with a capacitor across the terminals. A 12 volt car battery charges on something like 14 volts, so in a car it might need to withstand that voltage, but by itself it's 12.6 volts fully charged, which I'm sure is close enough. .
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    • do 12v leds need resistors